Narrative Essay Example for Free

Account Essay CALTEX FUEL POINTE SERVICE STATION Sto. Nino, Gapan city, Nueva Ecija In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Presented by: Mr. Kevin M. Sesbreno B. S. Data Technology Presented to: Mrs. April A. Atendido OJT Coordinator Republic of the Philippines NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE amp; TECHNOLOGY San Leonardo Academic Extension Campus NARATIVE REPORT ON THE JOB TRAINING AT CALTEX FUEL POINTE SERVICE STATION Sto. Nino, Gapan city, Nueva Ecija In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Introduced by: Mr. Emmanuel P. Garcia Mr. Kevin M. Sesbreno B. S. Data Technology Presented to: Mrs. April A. Atendido OJT Coordinator TABLE OF CONTENTS * Approval Sheet * Acknowledgment * Dedication I. Presentation a. Destinations of OJT b. Mechanical Linkages amp; Coordination Office (Philosophy, Mission amp; Goals) II. The Training Agency/Company Profile a. Organization Philosophy (Mission, Vision, Goals amp; Mandate) b. History (Company Background) III. Organization a. Hierarchical Structure b. Profiles of the Company c. Capacity of the Company d. Projects amp; Initiatives e. Expected Benefits IV. Experience Evaluation a. OJT Experience b. Bits of knowledge Problems Encountered Suggestions amp; Recommendation V. Addendums a. Every day Time Record b. Week after week Report c. Assessment d. Pictorials e. Testament of Completion f. Author’s Data Republic of the Philippines NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY San Leonardo Academic Extension Campus San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija APPROVAL SHEET In fractional satisfaction of the prerequisites in this NARRATIVE REPORT ON †THE †JOB TRAINING for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology has been arranged and presented by EMMANUEL P. GARCIA. Suggested By: MRS. Lorna G. Flores Trainor Accepted and Approved as halfway satisfaction of the necessities in the course BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, with rating of MRS. APRIL A. ATENDIDO OJT 1 Coordinator DATE OF APPROVAL: Republic of the Philippines NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY San Leonardo Academic Extension Campus San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija APPROVAL SHEET In fractional satisfaction of the necessities in this NARRATIVE REPORT ON †THE †JOB TRAINING for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology has been arranged and put together by KEVIN M. SESBRENO. Suggested By: MRS. Lorna G. Flores Trainor Acknowledged and Approved as fractional satisfaction of the necessities in the course BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, with rating of MRS. APRIL A. ATENDIDO OJT 1 Coordinator DATE OF APPROVAL: Acknowledgment We like to recognize the omnipotent GOD who gave us intelligence and scholarly ability to leave this work alone of the real world. We need to say thanks to GOD for His direction, help and shielding us from the principal day of my OJT up to the most recent day, and for invigorating us in ordinary just to satisfy this program. Also, we might want to recognize Caltex Fuel Pointe Service Station for tolerating us as there ON-THE-JOB TRAINEE. For giving us opportunity to encounter how to function in their organization, and we need to thank likewise the director, representatives, clerk, security watch for offering me as kind of guidance in regards to the work that we encountered, for the information that we picked up when we worked with them as an OJT TRAINEE. We likewise wish to recognize the accompanying individual who helped us to complete/satisfy this program. We might want to thank all individuals who have helped and propelled us during my hands on preparing. We might want to thank our folks Eric Garcia and Ma. Theresa Sesbreno for theirâ guidance, concern and comprehension and love and care that emphatically empower us in the satisfaction of the ideal errand. To our Aunt Lorna G. Flores for controlling us and for untiring appreciation. Commitment This story report is devoted to our Almighty GOD for His direction, helped and ensuring us up to the start of our OJT up to its finish. We by and by devote this account to our family for their help, exertion, moral consolation, and for supporting us monetarily just to complete this program, it is committed to them since they filled in as our motivation to complete this program. Also, to give our best in OJT. In conclusion, we devote this account report particularly to ourselves since we realize we gave all our exertion and time to complete this program. This work is devoted to our better half, Hazel S. Odono and Jessie Anne Lafina without their mindful help it would not have been conceivable, and to the exertion of our folks, Mr. amp; Mrs. Garcia and Mr. amp; Mrs. Sesbreno just to satisfy this program. I. Presentation INTRODUCTION On the activity preparing or OJT is one strategy by which understudies is allowed to apply the speculations and calculations that they have gained from the school. It likewise causes the understudies to gain applicable information and aptitudes by acting in real work setting. Schools and colleges require their understudies to experience such preparing inside a particular number of hours as a feature of the educational program. For the understudies, an OJT or temporary job program gives chances to experience the genuine techniques of a particular activity utilizing the genuine instruments, types of gear and archives. In actuality, the work environment turns into an improvement setting for an understudy learner to get familiar with his picked field and practice what he has gain from institute. Then again, a compelling OJT program additionally benefits the organizations who acknowledge students. First OJT or understudy gives extra labor to a lesser work cost than a customary representative. The greater part of them are largely anxious to get familiar with the ropes so risks are high that they will participate. Managers can utilize this temporary job methodology as a technique in enlisting new workers. Since the mentor or the administrator can follow the trainees’ progress, he can measure dependent on execution, conduct and mentality if the learner will make a decent enroll after the consummation of his entry level position. This examination inspects an early component of government work preparing strategy execution the activity preparing plan so as to evaluate its impact on the satisfaction of administrative arrangement objectives. Destinations OF OJT PURPOSE This is energizing time for me to have an ON THE JOB TRAINING that will permit people to get familiar with the information and aptitudes they have been recruited to do. Destinations 1. To give understudies the chance to advance and expand her/his way of thinking and comprehension of the picked calling. 2. To give the OJT understudies the chance to coordinate hypothesis and practice in his/her expert trainings, to support the trading of contemporary deduction between the apprenticeship and the organization and the office work force. 3. To empower OJT understudies to get data which can be utilized as reason for settling on decisions and connection to future vocations, zones of specialization, as well as for their examination. 4. To give understudies chance to pick up understanding, administrative, and regulatory capacity. 5. To empower understudy student to understand his/her own quality and shortcomings. 6. To help understudies being a comprehension and energy about the job obligations, duties of a full time proficient. 7. To furnish understudy learner with experience that will empower him/her to create sound human connection. 8. To reinforce connection between the collaboration organization and college. Modern LINKAGES AND COORDINATION PHILOSOPHY Industrial Linkages and Coordination will be focused on the way of thinking of preparing and embellishment exceptionally energetic mechanical specialists who will be liable for the improvement of the nation future center level labor to prod the economy. Strategic To give access to applicable and far reaching mechanical preparing program for the understudies to improve specialized skill and guarantee work arrangement. Objective To give quality preparing and appropriate aptitudes, work demeanor and information to planned understudy students in various degree and non degree projects of the college. IV. EXPERIENCE EVALUATION ON-THE-JOB TRAINING EXPERIENCE With just about two months of our OJT in Fuel Pointe Caltex Service Station, we have increased a great deal of experience including to genuine occupation circumstance. The staffs and managers of F. P. C. S. S, treat us as decent as one of them. They elped us with the things that we should find out about their station just as the organization. In our preparation we used to organize and oversee records physically. We likewise encode a few records like the absolute every day deals oil and gas week after week report. Figure the meters of each siphon perusing. We are so appreciative with this chance to work with them as a learner since we have applied and created us to figure out how to manage issues that we may experience with our future occupation. During our ON-THE-JOB-TRAINING in Fuel Pointe Caltex Service Station, there was no significant issue in our place task. The issues that emerge are for the most part since we not used to working in that condition. A portion of these are; from the get go, we had absence of self-assurance and difficult time looking through the correct methodology on our chief despite the fact that they all give grace to us. We are not reliable on our initial participation, once in a while we got late which is definitely not something to be thankful for about a genuine activity circumstance. Be that as it may, up to the finish of our ON-THE-JOB TRAINING we feel satisfied and mollified with all the information and experience that we have picked up obviously with all the aided of our great LORD. Creators DATA Name:Emmanuel P. Garcia Age:18 Address:134 Burgos St. San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija Birthday:December 18, 1994 Contact number:0926-600-3350 Father:Eric V. Garcia Mother:Valerie P. Garcia Course: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology San Leonardo Academic Extension Campus AUTHORS DATA Name:Kevin M. Sesbreno Age:18 Address:153 Burgos St. San Leonardo, Nueva

Healthcare in Developing Countries

Medicinal services in Developing Countries Kyle Barber Medicinal services in Developing Countries For any nation to make the progress from creating to created, there are numerous elements that must work as one so as to accomplish this change. These improvement objectives spread a wide range of elements that are all the while inconsequential and interlocked [LL2]with each other. In spite of the fact that there are a wide range of variables that push a nation towards improvement, the arrangement, and cultural access to, social insurance [LL3]is collectively consented to be one of the most significant signifiers in a nations progress. [LL4] Most financial issues in creating nations are to a great extent because of a high dominant part of the populace living in poverty[LL5]. In these nations, there are at any rate one billion individuals living on short of what one US dollar a day[LL6]. There are more than two billion individuals living on under two US dollars daily. With respect to, a little more than 33% of the number of inhabitants in the whole world needs what we consider to be sufficient human services (Bale). At its most essential root, the cost, access to, and accessibility of medicinal services, similar to each other financial signifier we study, is controlled by fundamental gracefully and request. Basically, we [LL7]have an unmistakable absence of satisfactory medicinal services being provided in these creating countries. That, however those that need it most are not searching out, or requesting, the social insurance they have to flourish[LL8]. There are numerous variables that lead to these deficiencies [LL9]of gracefully and request, just as numerous speculations and approaches planned for adjusting these market wasteful aspects. While everybody [LL10]is basically progressing in the direction of a similar objective, there exist a huge number of various arrangements and intercessions intended to accomplish this objective. The issues on the flexibly side confronting formative medicinal services in these nations can be credited to a couple of hidden elements. One of these components can be come down to a similar issue that causes most all monetary issues: absence of assets (ODonnell). The issues that face encouraging change without satisfactory assets definitely prompts the misallocation of these assets and not using them in the best, productive way possible[LL11]. This misallocation of assets can take numerous structures, incorporating packing said assets in inappropriate geographic regions, for example, enormous, urban communities that don't really require these monetary interventions[LL12]. Tragically, most of general wellbeing consumption is as yet ingested through emergency clinic based consideration, which is essentially unthinkable for poor people, provincial populace of these creating nations to use (Peabody, Taguiwalo and Robalino). The deficient assets at play influence the flexibly side of hu man services in that the capital required to really get this show on the road is simply not accessible to give the satisfactory offices, medication, and appropriate work force important to encourage radical change in the same number of areas varying (Peters, Garg and Bloom). The early long periods of the battle for improved human services overall comprised of a wide range of kinds of approaches planned for turning around this pattern, however despite the fact that some of them varied, one principle objective continued through every: availability of social insurance for poor people. As the years have gone on and the openness of these advantages has risen significantly, the objective has moved from amending the absence of availability to improving the lacking nature of said medicinal services (Peabody, Taguiwalo and Robalino). [LL13] In these creating nations, acquiring and giving the offices and supplies can go far toward accomplishing our medicinal services goals[LL14], however these issues speak to just piece of the issue. The genuine issue is then persuading those in destitution and needing help to use these assets. Centers and medication do a whole lot of nothing, and as such speak to assist deficient allotment of assets, if these mediations do nothing to cultivate interest for these services[LL15]. By and by, [LL16]the extraordinary neediness that these individuals are compelled to live in become is the primary factor that directs that absence of interest. Be that as it may, other than simply that expansive, sweeping, hidden explanation of neediness, [LL17]we can take a gander at two, increasingly explicit, factors that can smother request of different types over the monetary scene. These two components are the outside requirements put on the shopper, for this situation those without sufficient medicinal se rvices, that limit their separate capacity to expend, just as the individual inclinations of any person that will bring down their a readiness to devour (ODonnell). The outside requirements on these families and people that cutoff request, particularly in creating nations, are additionally affected by an assortment of elements that all work solidly to make it so that those in destitution stay in neediness. Proof shows that measure of family unit salary earned has a solid positive connection between way of life and use of medicinal services (Bale). Fundamentally, the more cash a family gets, the almost certain they are to use social insurance. This all returns to assets, however this time it is the assets of the family rather than those of the interceding party[LL18]. This bodes well however, as it makes sense with the significant expense of social insurance, that some may begin to see keeping up wellbeing and health as an extravagance more than a necessity.[LL19] When you are living everyday and battling for what it's worth to put food on the table, certain things become organized over others[LL20]. While relative pay assumes a huge job, the rea l cost of getting treatment turns into another immense hindrance in searching out satisfactory medicinal services (Peabody, Taguiwalo and Robalino). Huge numbers of these nations, and particularly the poor populace, don't have any kind of clinical protection. So these visits and outings to the specialist wind up coming out of their own pockets[LL21]. The significant expense of visits, notwithstanding a wide range of client charges conceivably connected with treatment, make those living in neediness considerably more value touchy than those that are in an ideal situation. So while those that need it most stay in unexpected weakness, those that are wealthy may look for treatment for significantly less genuine illnesses. Notwithstanding the genuine expenses related with treatment, there exist costs outside of formal charges that may adequately sift through potential patients. Expenses [LL22]associated incorporate inescapable profit that would have been made that day, travel costs for m edicines, just as separation, time, exertion, and poor street conditions all deflect potential patients (ODonnell).[LL23] Regardless of whether one [LL24]is monetarily ready to pay treatment costs, there are an assortment of special [LL25]factors that may keep them from doing as such. Social and sexual orientation issues can prompt a lower request of human services, regardless of whether promptly accessible. There is a lot of history and custom in creating nations, to such an extent that numerous individuals in these nations despite everything use conventional treatments of the way of life as opposed to present day medication. This pattern to utilize customary treatments is contrarily identified with salary and instruction (Peters, Garg and Bloom). Helping these individuals to pick up information and further teach themselves is [LL26]one of the initial phases in illuminating this issue. Instruction can aid simply having the option to perceive sickness and the potential advantage of the cutting edge medicines for these ailments. A significant number of these social orders socially don't utilize a lot of sex fairness, and all things considered, access to maternal, regenerative, and kid medicinal services has demonstrated troublesome (ODonnell). Since such a large number of individuals are sick, and there isn't satisfactory treatment, wild sickness nearly turns into the standard and serious diseases become increasingly hard to recognize[LL27]. A proceeded with push for training would go far in mitigating a portion of these manifestations. These variables with respect to lacking social insurance require the presentation of money related mediations and aid[LL28]. Since there are such a significant number of fundamental causes, there have been numerous speculations and approaches instituted so as to switch this negative trend[LL29]. Raising the usage of powerful mediations requires a large number of various things. To begin with, any raise in usage is beyond the realm of imagination without first presenting more capital[LL30], and afterward coordinating [LL31]the spending of this capital towards the best programs[LL32] so as to expand proficiency. These mediations ought to likewise me [LL33]geographically relative to populace and need (Peabody, Taguiwalo and Robalino). Opening up another office in a huge city that doesn’t need one doesn't great. [LL34]Management of these activities should likewise be changed to boost efficiency[LL35], and administrative and political motivating forces must be acquainted and furnis hed all together with advance usage. A portion of the more explicit objectives incorporate stretching out medical coverage inclusion to more clients (Bale). In spite of the fact that this is even more a drawn out arrangement, developing this number will give an extraordinary motivating force to treatment. [LL36]Policies that guide poor people, for example, endowments and charge waivers, will significantly reduce singular expenses of treatment [LL37]and advance consideration too (Peters, Garg and Bloom). A large portion of the surface issues related with human services in creating nations can be credited to an entrance issue and a quality issue. At the point when we look nearer however, we can see that these are only a couple of components that can keep us away from accomplishing our MDG’s. We currently need to move towards reducing a portion of the instructive and salary difference issues, and the taking care of these two issues, while in no way, shape or form a perfect, total fix, can give extraordinary steps we may still can't seem to even see[LL38]. Works Cited Bunch, Harvey E. Proposition Improving Access to Health Care for the Poor, Especially in Developing Countries. n.d. Worldwide Economic Symposium. ODonnell, Owen. Access to Health Care in Developing Countrie

There Are Four Archetypal Developer Personas Which One Are You - Focus

There Are Four Archetypal Developer Personas â€" Which One Are You - Focus Meister HQ was recently taken over by students! Don’t panic, it wasn’t a hostile takeover. Best we explain a little more. We hosted a few international management students from the Vienna University of Economics and Business, who, as part of a project they were working on, went around and interviewed a couple of developers, ours included. This yielded a few interesting insights. The article below is just an example of that. This is what they had to say about how, through personas, software companies can attract potential developers with a view to hire them. What are Personas? A persona is a fictional figure or archetype that has been formulated as a direct result of grouping individuals together. The way individuals are grouped together â€" whether it be by demographics, behavioral patterns, motivations or goals â€" will affect the type of persona created.   A very broad (and basic) example would be grouping together all females with children as “moms”, then finding the characteristics and personality traits that all moms have in common in order to create the archetypal fictional figure â€" that would be the “mom persona”. This is very important, because personas need to be based on real people, real behaviors, real motivations and goals in order for them to be effective. The History of Personas The personas idea has its roots in marketing, but has gained popularity for its application in talent acquisition. Before we go into how personas can be applied, let’s outline the challenges recruiters face. Since our main focus was on software developers, we’ll focus on the challenges faced by software companies.   Firstly, sourcing talent isn’t easy as the talent pool is often limited i.e. few developers, many jobs. Secondly, recruiters have to consider that great talent doesn’t always equal great fit â€" the applicant might have the suitable skills, but will they fit into the company culture? And, into the existing team? This is where the use of personas can help.   Personas in Recruitment Prospective employers that are aware of the specific personas relevant to their industry have an easier time navigating through the labour market. This is because personas can help sift through aspiring candidates and sort them from those who would be potential fits and those who would not. This could significantly narrow down the search and deliver only quality candidates. We set out to uncover the different types of personas within the software industry in Vienna, Austria. This project involved finding software developers to interview. Sounds easy right? Wrong. We canvassed at universities, companies, and even online. Our research took us three months, hours of interviews at university campuses and various companies. The result…a goldmine of insights! Piecing Together the Persona Puzzle   We asked our interviewees a wide array of questions, ranging from demographics to career motivations. The aim was to gather enough data in order to get more of an understanding of what employees expect from their employers. This led to many interesting learnings, like: did you know that the team, work-life balance, the software product and career development are the most important factors that programmers consider when looking for a job?   But developing concrete personas still involved going further and digging deeper. Upon analyzing our research and comparing notes, we noticed a pattern emerging. Many of those we interviewed expressed similar feelings towards certain aspects of their professional life. These were our puzzle pieces. Adding these pieces together built the first four software developer personas: Kim, Robin, Alex and Charlie.   (Note: for ease of explanation, we’ve chosen to give each persona group a name. However, the names are by no means a reflection of gender i.e. not all Kims are female nor are all Alexes male.) Kim: The Early Beginner Kim is someone in her early 20s. Still too young to remember the greatness of ICQ and Napster. She could either be working in her first job or still be a student, studying computer science at a technical university. Kim often has little or no prior work experience. And if she’s worked before, she hasn’t yet chosen her area of specialization (front-end/back-end/mobile etc.). Kim is often inquisitive and curious. She is often known for constantly asking questions, wanting to find out more about the ins and outs of programming. Due to her lack of experience, Kim is primarily focused on learning. This means that the “Kim” persona would look to work for a company with leaders that empower staff and that has a supportive culture that’s conducive to learning. She isn’t driven by salary and therefore has limited salary demands. She is usually single, extroverted and enjoys social activities. Robin: Time for a ChangeSoon Robin is in his mid 20s and has completed his formal education, such as a Bachelor’s degree in computer science. He is probably on his second or third job but has reached the ceiling in his current job, as in, he has learnt a lot and gained experience but would be keen on taking the next step to further his career. Even though he probably hasn’t taken any steps to find a new job (applied), he is on the lookout for something challenging as well as purposeful. In his current role, he can be found working in a specialized programming area (front-end/back-end/mobile). On a personal level, he is probably in a relationship, he is also quite introverted and self-aware.   He enjoys working on complicated tasks and really wants to be involved and feel a part of the company. He values transparency and is happy working with inspiring leaders. He’s keen to know what is going on and where the company is headed. Salary isn’t his top priority (as long as it is not too far below average). In stead, Robin appreciates non-financial rewards, especially those that make him feel valued for his work. Alex: The Focused Careerist Alex is in his mid to late 20s. He has a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in computer science or a related field. Because Alex studied and worked at the same time, he gained approximately three or four years worth of programming experience, this makes him highly specialized. He knows that he is good at what he does. He’s also very much aware of his market value, which, according to him, is quite high. This makes the Alex persona career oriented. When looking for jobs, he won’t settle for anything less than working for the best company in his field of interest (or for a company with the best reputation). At work, Alex requires a high degree of autonomy and opportunities to progress in his career. Since Alex is very focused on his career, he doesn’t have much time for a relationship outside of work; you could say that he is married to his career. Charlie: Work 2.0 Charlie is in her late 20s to mid 30s. She has a Bachelors degree but not necessarily in IT. She’s a self-taught developer. Her coding is unconventional and she mixes genius lines with simple errors. She seeks to reinvent her software development career but the how is still unclear. Charlie has a family, which makes financial stability and work-life balance essential. She’s new to the industry and thus looks for a company that offers a supportive, people-oriented environment, where she can learn and improve her skills. While the size of her paycheck is not unimportant, her salary demands are lower than those of Alex and Robin.   Which Persona Are You?   Obviously Kim, Robin, Alex, and Charlie don’t cover all developers. It’s possible that people are a mixture of two personas or perhaps share common qualities with all four of them. Take the questionnaire below to find out which person you are most similar to: Attracting Personas: Defining Your Company’s EVP So we’ve given you a brief history about personas, told you how the concept originated, and defined four software developer personas in Vienna. It’s time to circle back and give companies a way to use this information in order to attract and recruit new talent.   The type of personas which your company should hire will depend on several factors such as: your company’s hiring and growth strategy, the company culture, and the personas you already have working within your company (as some personas work together better than others). A good persona-company fit is essential. Personas have the potential to impact company culture. Mapping out the existing personas represented in your company is a good place to start.   Then carefully assess your current Employee Value Proposition (EVP). Talentlyft defines a company’s EVP refers to “the balance of rewards and benefits that employees receive from their employers in return for their performance at the workplace”. It’s an employee-centred approach that is directly linked to talent acquisition and retention. It brings together company culture, brand, internal processes, and employee benefits. All of these together make up a company’s EVP.   Here are three simple questions that can help your company define its EVP and they are: What do my current employees love about my company? What are the benefits employees gain upon choosing to work at my company? What would make potential employees choose to work at my company as opposed to any other? The answer to these questions should give you your company’s EVP. You then need to see whether it resonates with the EVP desired by the personas you wish to hire. If it doesn’t, take the necessary steps to bridge those gaps. But, if there is a match, your company should try and leverage this in its employer branding strategy in order to hire the most suitable personas. There Are Four Archetypal Developer Personas â€" Which One Are You - Focus Meister HQ was recently taken over by students! Don’t panic, it wasn’t a hostile takeover. Best we explain a little more. We hosted a few international management students from the Vienna University of Economics and Business, who, as part of a project they were working on, went around and interviewed a couple of developers, ours included. This yielded a few interesting insights. The article below is just an example of that. This is what they had to say about how, through personas, software companies can attract potential developers with a view to hire them. What are Personas? A persona is a fictional figure or archetype that has been formulated as a direct result of grouping individuals together. The way individuals are grouped together â€" whether it be by demographics, behavioral patterns, motivations or goals â€" will affect the type of persona created.   A very broad (and basic) example would be grouping together all females with children as “moms”, then finding the characteristics and personality traits that all moms have in common in order to create the archetypal fictional figure â€" that would be the “mom persona”. This is very important, because personas need to be based on real people, real behaviors, real motivations and goals in order for them to be effective. The History of Personas The personas idea has its roots in marketing, but has gained popularity for its application in talent acquisition. Before we go into how personas can be applied, let’s outline the challenges recruiters face. Since our main focus was on software developers, we’ll focus on the challenges faced by software companies.   Firstly, sourcing talent isn’t easy as the talent pool is often limited i.e. few developers, many jobs. Secondly, recruiters have to consider that great talent doesn’t always equal great fit â€" the applicant might have the suitable skills, but will they fit into the company culture? And, into the existing team? This is where the use of personas can help.   Personas in Recruitment Prospective employers that are aware of the specific personas relevant to their industry have an easier time navigating through the labour market. This is because personas can help sift through aspiring candidates and sort them from those who would be potential fits and those who would not. This could significantly narrow down the search and deliver only quality candidates. We set out to uncover the different types of personas within the software industry in Vienna, Austria. This project involved finding software developers to interview. Sounds easy right? Wrong. We canvassed at universities, companies, and even online. Our research took us three months, hours of interviews at university campuses and various companies. The result…a goldmine of insights! Piecing Together the Persona Puzzle   We asked our interviewees a wide array of questions, ranging from demographics to career motivations. The aim was to gather enough data in order to get more of an understanding of what employees expect from their employers. This led to many interesting learnings, like: did you know that the team, work-life balance, the software product and career development are the most important factors that programmers consider when looking for a job?   But developing concrete personas still involved going further and digging deeper. Upon analyzing our research and comparing notes, we noticed a pattern emerging. Many of those we interviewed expressed similar feelings towards certain aspects of their professional life. These were our puzzle pieces. Adding these pieces together built the first four software developer personas: Kim, Robin, Alex and Charlie.   (Note: for ease of explanation, we’ve chosen to give each persona group a name. However, the names are by no means a reflection of gender i.e. not all Kims are female nor are all Alexes male.) Kim: The Early Beginner Kim is someone in her early 20s. Still too young to remember the greatness of ICQ and Napster. She could either be working in her first job or still be a student, studying computer science at a technical university. Kim often has little or no prior work experience. And if she’s worked before, she hasn’t yet chosen her area of specialization (front-end/back-end/mobile etc.). Kim is often inquisitive and curious. She is often known for constantly asking questions, wanting to find out more about the ins and outs of programming. Due to her lack of experience, Kim is primarily focused on learning. This means that the “Kim” persona would look to work for a company with leaders that empower staff and that has a supportive culture that’s conducive to learning. She isn’t driven by salary and therefore has limited salary demands. She is usually single, extroverted and enjoys social activities. Robin: Time for a ChangeSoon Robin is in his mid 20s and has completed his formal education, such as a Bachelor’s degree in computer science. He is probably on his second or third job but has reached the ceiling in his current job, as in, he has learnt a lot and gained experience but would be keen on taking the next step to further his career. Even though he probably hasn’t taken any steps to find a new job (applied), he is on the lookout for something challenging as well as purposeful. In his current role, he can be found working in a specialized programming area (front-end/back-end/mobile). On a personal level, he is probably in a relationship, he is also quite introverted and self-aware.   He enjoys working on complicated tasks and really wants to be involved and feel a part of the company. He values transparency and is happy working with inspiring leaders. He’s keen to know what is going on and where the company is headed. Salary isn’t his top priority (as long as it is not too far below average). In stead, Robin appreciates non-financial rewards, especially those that make him feel valued for his work. Alex: The Focused Careerist Alex is in his mid to late 20s. He has a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in computer science or a related field. Because Alex studied and worked at the same time, he gained approximately three or four years worth of programming experience, this makes him highly specialized. He knows that he is good at what he does. He’s also very much aware of his market value, which, according to him, is quite high. This makes the Alex persona career oriented. When looking for jobs, he won’t settle for anything less than working for the best company in his field of interest (or for a company with the best reputation). At work, Alex requires a high degree of autonomy and opportunities to progress in his career. Since Alex is very focused on his career, he doesn’t have much time for a relationship outside of work; you could say that he is married to his career. Charlie: Work 2.0 Charlie is in her late 20s to mid 30s. She has a Bachelors degree but not necessarily in IT. She’s a self-taught developer. Her coding is unconventional and she mixes genius lines with simple errors. She seeks to reinvent her software development career but the how is still unclear. Charlie has a family, which makes financial stability and work-life balance essential. She’s new to the industry and thus looks for a company that offers a supportive, people-oriented environment, where she can learn and improve her skills. While the size of her paycheck is not unimportant, her salary demands are lower than those of Alex and Robin.   Which Persona Are You?   Obviously Kim, Robin, Alex, and Charlie don’t cover all developers. It’s possible that people are a mixture of two personas or perhaps share common qualities with all four of them. Take the questionnaire below to find out which person you are most similar to: Attracting Personas: Defining Your Company’s EVP So we’ve given you a brief history about personas, told you how the concept originated, and defined four software developer personas in Vienna. It’s time to circle back and give companies a way to use this information in order to attract and recruit new talent.   The type of personas which your company should hire will depend on several factors such as: your company’s hiring and growth strategy, the company culture, and the personas you already have working within your company (as some personas work together better than others). A good persona-company fit is essential. Personas have the potential to impact company culture. Mapping out the existing personas represented in your company is a good place to start.   Then carefully assess your current Employee Value Proposition (EVP). Talentlyft defines a company’s EVP refers to “the balance of rewards and benefits that employees receive from their employers in return for their performance at the workplace”. It’s an employee-centred approach that is directly linked to talent acquisition and retention. It brings together company culture, brand, internal processes, and employee benefits. All of these together make up a company’s EVP.   Here are three simple questions that can help your company define its EVP and they are: What do my current employees love about my company? What are the benefits employees gain upon choosing to work at my company? What would make potential employees choose to work at my company as opposed to any other? The answer to these questions should give you your company’s EVP. You then need to see whether it resonates with the EVP desired by the personas you wish to hire. If it doesn’t, take the necessary steps to bridge those gaps. But, if there is a match, your company should try and leverage this in its employer branding strategy in order to hire the most suitable personas.

Rumspring Analysis of the Hands-Off Parenting - 602 Words

Do I agree or disagree with the hands’ off ignore-the-behavior approach; Amish parents and leaders take with their children during rumspringa? Well that is simple, no I do not agree with it. There have been plenty of studies done to show that permissive parenting, (what they are doing during rumspringa) hurts the child in the long run. It causes them to have low impulse control that can lead to things like substance abuse (i.e. drugs and alcohol), and problems with the authorities. The permissive parenting style is also something that theses teens are completely unprepared for, seeing as up till the age of sixteen the parents practiced an authoritarian style of parenting which gave the children little to no freedoms at all and demanded absolute obedience to the ways of the family and church. The direct translation of rumspringa, (according to the documentary) means â€Å"running around†, and running around is exactly what theses teens are doing. While most of the teens still live at home during rumspringa it is not required. As a result you have sixteen year olds, typically boys, living without any supervision at all that cannot even find decent employment. Because children are made to drop out of school after eighth grade; due to the fact that the Amish culture believes it â€Å"leads to pride† these children are left in the world with less than a high school degree. The jobs they are normally able to have are very labor intensive and can be unsafe. Now you are left with children

Soldier and Appearance Military Appearance Essay - 634 Words

Premium 1057 Words 5 Pages Always Maintain Good Military Appearance Military Appearance In this paper I will discuss the importance of why a NCO or Drill Sergeant should maintain proper military appearance and why it is important. The NCO’s Creed first states that â€Å"no one is more professional than I†, so I am sure that means more than just appearance. It Premium 1553 Words 7 Pages Appearance Is a Very Important and Highly Regarded Concept in the Military. Appearance is a very important and highly regarded concept in the military. It is the staple of first impressions, the visual hand shake. A sergeant looks at his soldiers and judges their readiness for the day with how they appear. Why? Because it is a†¦show more content†¦As a basic everyone is expected to address everyone by their proper tittles. In the Army, saluting is to show respect toward an officer, flag, or our country. When talking t Premium 1045 Words 5 Pages Respect in the Military Essay The purpose of this essay is to further my knowledge of the Army NCO support channel, chain of command and why we as Soldiers use them. It is also to inform the parties that may be what I feel loyalty, dedicated service and also my interpretation of Military bearing and Discipline. I am ex Premium 1183 Words 5 Pages Military Wear and Appearance In this essay I will describe the many requirements and expectations set forth in the armys AR670-1. I will describe the importance of obedience to it and cite many of its detailed descriptions. I am writing this essay because I failed to meet the standards asked of me me by both these regulations Premium 1357 Words 6 Pages Wear and Appearance in the Military Wear and Appearance of the Uniform The Importance Slide 4: The Army is a uniformed service where discipline is judged†¦by the manner in which a soldier wears a prescribed uniform†¦ [And] the individual’s personal appearance.† AR 670-1, Chap 1, Para 1-7 Question: How is the Uniform s Premium 858 Words 4 Pages Wear and Appearance of Military Uniform The wear and appearance of soldiers in the United States Army are while in uniform should be neat. There should be no excessShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Maintaining Professional Appearance?1630 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of Maintaining Professional Appearance A soldier must maintain a professional appearance because it demonstrates a professional image, pride, and self discipline while maintaining a high standard of living as well as showing their professionalism. For example, when in the military the way a soldier presents themselves says a lot about not only but the military. Keeping a professional appearance includes, a proper haircut, a clean shaven face that is groomed and well trimmed facial hairRead MoreMilitary Appearance and Uniform1045 Words   |  5 PagesMILITARY UNIFORM AND APPERANCE In my essay I will research on the Military Uniform and Appearance. I will also research on the AR 670-1.This will help me understand and value more the importance of the uniform that I ware and it will be helpful in future reference in my military career. In my essay I will do some comparison from our military appearance and uniforms from other types of jobs that also use uniforms and have different standards that sets us apart from the everydayRead MoreAlways Maintain Good Military Appearance1561 Words   |  7 PagesMilitary Appearance In this paper I will discuss the importance of why a NCO or Drill Sergeant should maintain proper military appearance and why it is important. The NCO’s Creed first states that â€Å"no one is more professional than I†, so I am sure that means more than just appearance. It is a statement that includes mannerism, attitude, professionalism etc. It also says that NCOs are the backbone of the Army, which will also tell you that we serve a critical role. Even though I respect theRead MoreDiscipline: United States Army and Soldier985 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance Of Being disciplined/keeping an appearance In The U.S. Army The following essay is a compilation of my personal experiences, definitions, and examples of how discipline is important to surviving in today’s U.S. Army. Discipline is increased when one constantly adheres to the standards set by his superiors and maintains not only his bering, but appearance as well. Discipline is: acting in accordance with the rules put in place and behaving in accordance to the rules of conductRead MoreMaximo Badaro s One Of The Guys : Military Women, Paradoxical Individuality, And The Transformations Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"‘One of the Guys’: Military Women, Paradoxical Individuality, and the Transformations of the Argentine Army,† the author Mà ¡ximo Badarà ³ analyzes how the addition of women into the Argentine military has lead to institutional changes within the military. The article’s main focus is on the how the addition of female soldiers has redefined what it means to be a soldier and how this has ch anged the military as an institution. He also analyzes the agency available to women in the military and the role theirRead MoreMilitary Bearing1023 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Military Bearing† and how it affects the Army as a whole Bearing, put simply, is the appearance and demeanor of a person throughout the activities and circumstances that an individual is seen or observed. An individual is largely judged by others through the bearing that the individual exudes as he goes about his daily affairs, and thus it is very important that the person shows a bearing of competence and professionalism at all times. Militaries since the beginning of recorded history have setRead MoreEssay on Military Wear and Appearance1363 Words   |  6 Pageswill I let my fellow soldiers repeat my mistake. Since my failure was in regards to grooming or personal additions to uniform, I thought it would be pertinent to cover these subjects most thoroughly, If any additional information is required of me I will add on to this. When a man volunteers for the army he agrees to follow a set of general and specific guidelines set forth by many men before him. These guidelines are expected to be met by every soldier in the military, whether thought toRead MoreUniform Appearance Of The Army Uniform1441 Words   |  6 Pages Ibasfalean Matthew B Co 2-124 uniform appearance the importance of following orders The Army uniform, from the soiled cotton clothing from the Revolutionary War to the digital pattern fatigues of today. For a Soldier in the United State military the uniform continues that representation of are humble beginnings. In fact during the Revolutionary War white facings were used to represent the infantry until about 1851 when light or Saxony blueRead MoreDuties of an Nco1258 Words   |  6 Pagesthe squad/section/team leader to account for his soldiers and ensure that they receive necessary instructions and are properly trained to perform their jobs. A noncommissioned officers duties are numerous and must be taken seriously. An NCOs duty includes taking care of soldiers, which is your priority. Corporals and sergeants do this by developing a genuine concern for their soldiers well-being. Leaders must know and understand their soldiers well enough to train them as individuals and teamsRead MoreThe Importance Of Rules And Regulations On The Army1396 Words   |  6 Pagesconsequences can be very severe. The Army has a plethora of rules and regulations that all soldiers, regardless of rank or duty station must follow. These rules and regulations are put forth to us for various reasons. These reasons can range from having a professional appearance to keeping yourself alive. The most common rules and regulations are about common courtesy and appearance. These are important to all soldiers, as this is what the citizens of not only the United States of the America judge us from

Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea Free Essays

WIDE SARGASSO SEA Spoiled Rose A child is a reflection of their parents becoming a product of their environment. Childhood is the most crucial stage in life, for this is when a child is most impressionable. What is experienced, felt, and taught is what shapes a child into who they will become upon entering adulthood. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea or any similar topic only for you Order Now Antoinette (Bertha) Mason from Jean Rhy’s Wide Sargasso Sea, is victim to mental injury, forced to grow up on her own, feeling out of place without the love and care of her mother. The loneliness and hurt she felt at a young age imprisoned her to a life of unhappiness. Eventually madness took over her which mushroomed furthermore in her arranged marriage to Mr. Rochester, who unravels her already precarious mental state. He drives her to the point where Bertha decides to take her life, believing in a deluded state it is her destiny. Her tragic life reveals the importance of growing up in a stable home environment, especially in her day, and location, given her social status and race, growing up stable was not a basket of roses considering her circumstances. Early on, we learn of Antoinette’s family life, with the absence of her father all she has is her mother and younger brother who suffers from a learning disabled state which prevents her from bonding with him. Then there is Christophine who is their servant, a black obeah woman who becomes of great influence to her, as well as Tia her brief and only childhood friend who is of African descent. Her mother is very distant with her, only paying attention to her sick brother. Although she was not physically abused, Antoinette suffered severe emotional abuse due to un-acceptance of others as well as neglect and lack of love from her Mother, which in some cases is more harmful because it goes unnoticed until it becomes too late. According to an article exploring the nature of victim and victimizer emotional abuse is a silent attacker. â€Å"Emotional abuse (psychological abuse, verbal abuse, and mental injury) includes acts or omissions that have caused, or could cause, serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or mental disorders†Ã‚  (Banks). At a young age we can see Antoinette is susceptible to these symptoms. For example her mother would shove her away when shed try to get close, â€Å"calmly, coldly, without a word† as Antoinette was â€Å"useless† (Rhys 11). This lack of being loved can affect her judgment of what love truly is, because she never properly received it. According to a file in the National library of Health- NHS Evidence, Children may experience a number of different emotional disorders. Behavioral issues such as avoidance of feared activities as well as clinginess or reluctance to separate from trusted adults may arise (NHS). At a young age we can see Antoinette is susceptible to these symptoms. As she wakes up early one morning she finds her mother’s horse dead â€Å"I ran away and did not speak of it for I thought if I told no one it might not be true. †(Rhys 10) When faced with troubled situations, she runs away and in a cognitive state, she reasons with herself denying a current situation is not real. Burying her reality is a defense mechanism she has built and constantly uses into adulthood in order cope when faced with unsettling realities, distorting her perception, memory and judgment. Antoinette also grows very fond of Christophine, as she is the only one who seems to genuinely care for her, Antoinette grows attached to her, feeling a security when she has christophine around because she is the only one who respects and protects the Cosways. Additionally growing up in Jamaica just after the emancipation act of 1833 during a harsh time combating slavery and rights, Antoinette found it difficult to fit in and find some sense of identity. She was a beautiful young white skinned Creole girl, daughter to ex-slave and plantation owners, surrounded by mainly blacks and few rich whites. Although she came from a wealthy background, as she grew up her mother was not financially doing well and was fairly close to losing their plantation. Evidently her and her family was despised. She was not accepted by the black community surrounding her and underwent racism having to constantly be called a â€Å"white cockroach† (Rhys 13) by the black community. The few whites in the area also frowned upon her and her family for not being of true English descent. So although she lived in a Calibri estate surrounded by beautiful nature and ocean sun filled days, on the inside she felt out of place, fearful and lonely. Her only childhood friend Tia betrayed her leaving her further damaged by stealing her clothes and pennies, while out one day swimming unsupervised. A child needs friends and interaction with others in order to communicate and be socially inclined. Things seem to turn around for Antoinette, when her mother marries Mr. Mason, a wealthy English man, who decides to stay and renovate Coulibri. Unfortunately racial tensions arose among recent freed black slaves, escalading to a protest that ends in catastrophe. Their home gets burned down with torches; her brother injured fatally passes away, leading her mother to fully manifest insanity due to the event. At this point Antoinette’s life drastically changes she is injured and sick for several weeks. She is faced with death once more by the passing of her brother and loses her mother as she becomes mentally unstable and dies; Mr. Mason abandons them leaving Jamaica while traveling. Antoinette is sent to live in a catholic convent ran by nuns. As you can imagine this was very hard for Antoinette, although she was surrounded by others she was left their isolated. In the convent she grows a fascination with death, since it is something she is used to she begins to like the dark ominous part of religion and death. I believe Antoinette suppresses all the calamities she has had to deal with till that point. Life has not been kind to her and despite of it she still manages to keep it together although she becomes a docile human being. When she finally reaches the age of seventeen Mr. Mason visits her more and finally removes her from the convent and introduces her to his English friends. Upon this happening an arranged marriage is what is in store for Antoinette. She is married to Mr. Rochester; their marriage is more like a business pact because they do not marry on the base of love. It is apparent Mr. Rochester marries Antoinette merely for her riches. She is not in love with him but do to her docile way she becomes intoxicated with the idea of Love and having a male companion. At first Mr. Rochester is amorous with Antoinette, upon finding out about her past, which he was not aware of his attitude and view towards Antoinette changes. His indifference towards her, affects her deeply as she becomes distressed. She looks to Christophine for help, who unknowingly makes the situation with herself and husband worse. Gradually Antoinette begins to drink more, making her act out violently. Alcohol distorts the mind and suppressed feelings she has kept hidden arise. The fact that her husband had no real love or apathy for her austerely depressed her and made her sick, she became emotionally unstable. Due to the era they were in, divorce was not easy to achieve. Upon marrying Mr. Rochester She basically became his property along with all of her wealth. She was trapped and depended on her husband. She had no control of her life and she was going the same route her mother went. Mr. Rochester constantly called Antoinette Bertha, which affected her because it was not what she went by, this Bertha finally manifested herself in Antoinette. Mr. Rochester’s disdain and abandonment was the climax to Antoinette’s insanity, as she was isolated and locked in an attic. Throughout her life Antoinette suffered multiple losses, her mental health got worse as she transitioned into an adult. Her mood was low and depressing, she barely ate, and she became delusional by believing in her dreams as a true reality. I think anyone in her position would go insane and prefer to die than live in such a horrible reality. As a child she had not one positive role model to look up to, primarily her mother is at fault with how Antoinette’s life came to be. She could have been a real mother and been loving and supportive towards her daughter who always needed her. Childhood is the most vital part of life; this is when a child needs to be in a positive loving environment. Otherwise a child becomes a dysfunctional part of society as an adult, causing harm to oneself or others. Due to the treatment she received as a child, she had very low self esteem and no self worth; always accepting situations when all along she could have changed her destiny, if only she was not so weak. Ironically she turned out weak just like her mother, unknowingly becoming mentally ill, leading to the loss of her life. The beautiful rose she was turned black as death, never fully blooming. Works cited Banks, Ron. Focus Adolescent Services. â€Å"Bullying What Parents and Teachers Should Know. † EECE Publications, Digest EDO-PS-97-17 www. focusas. com NHS, National Electronic Library for Health. â€Å"Isolation and Mental Health† http://www. library. nhs. uk/mentalhealth/ Jean Rhys, Wide Sargasso Sea (Penguin Books Ltd: Middlesex, England, 1966). How to cite Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea, Essay examples

The Synthesis and Characterization of Ferrocene Essay Example For Students

The Synthesis and Characterization of Ferrocene Essay A Modern Iterative Approach to a Classical Organometallic Laboratory ExperimentPamela S. Tanner, Gennady Dantsin, Stephen M. Gross, Alistair J. Lees,Clifford E. Myers, M. Stanley Whittingham and Wayne E. Jones, Jr. 1State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902(Funded by the National Science Foundation)(Submitted to J. Chemical Education)Since ferrocene is credited with the rapid acceleration of modern organotransition metal chemistry (1,2) and the cyclopentadienyl group is extensively used as a stabilizing ligand, it is only fitting that the synthesis of ferrocene be incorporated into an advanced undergraduate inorganic laboratory. In our four credit course, the students work in pairs and have the opportunity to select six experiments from a total of nine. Three of these experiments must be selected from the area of materials chemistry and the topics include the synthesis of anhydrous CrCl3, a high temperature superconductor, the ZSM-5 zeolite and the lithiu m intercalation of WO3. Three wet experiments are also selected. These include the synthesis of W(CO)4, metal complexes of DMSO, a tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium complex, ferrocene, and the acetylation of ferrocene. If ferrocene is selected, it must be done in conjunction with the acetylation of ferrocene and these labs make up two of the three wet labs that are done by the student. Each lab incorporates an open ended question that the student may answer with the aid of library research or CAChe molecular modeling software with the Project Leader extension. This iterative approach builds confidence in the students ability to explore the unknown and reinforces the basic idea of the scientific method. We will write a custom essay on The Synthesis and Characterization of Ferrocene specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The ferrocene synthesis has been an extremely successful and popular selection. The students enjoy the diverse technical skills acquired during this experiment. These are techniques that a student may not be introduced to again as an undergraduate and include the use of air-less glassware while working on a vacuum line, cyclic voltammetry, bulk electrolysis, thin-layer and column chromatography. In addition, the compounds are characterized by standard methods such as melting point determination, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopies. ExperimentsPreparation of FerroceneFerrocene is synthesized with a modification of the preparation reported by Jolly (3). The yield in the reported synthesis was 93% (3). Cyclopentadiene undergoes a 4+2 cycloaddition to form dicyclopentadiene. For this reason, cyclopentadiene is usually purified before use. Dicyclopentadiene boils at 170C and cyclopentadiene boils at 42.5 C. For efficiency, the dicyclopentadiene dimer is thermally cracked using a fractional disti llation apparatus in advance by the teaching assistant. While this is usually done on the day of the experiment, we have found that cyclopentadiene may be stored without significant dimerization in a foil covered container in a freezer for several days. At the beginning of the lab period, the students grind KOH in a mortar and quickly transfer it to a tared vial. KOH is hygroscopic and should be ground in small portions (2 g). A nitrogen glove bag is a worthwhile investment for this step in the procedure. In addition to protecting the students from the corrosive KOH, it ensures that the KOH is dry. The FeCl2.4H20 will also go into solution more effectively if it is finely ground. It is then placed in a tared vial. The pre-weighed KOH (15 g) is placed in a 100 mL (14/20) three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar. 1,2-Dimethoxyethane (30 mL) is added with stirring to the KOH. One side of the neck is stoppered and the other is connected to a vacuum line throug h a gas adapter. While the mixture is slowly stirred and the flask is being purged with a stream of nitrogen, the cyclopentadiene (2.75 mL) is added. The resulting solution is rose colored. The main neck is then fitted with a pressure equalizing dropping funnel (25 mL) with its stopcock open. In a second one neck round bottom flask that is fitted with a septum, FeCl2.4H20 (3.25 g) and DMSO (12.5 mL) are stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere to dissolve the FeCl2.4H20. After about five minutes, the stopcock is closed and the FeCl2 solution is added to the pressure equalizing dropping funnel. The reaction mixture in the three-neck flask is stirred vigorously and the purging with nitrogen is continued. After about ten minutes, the stopper is placed on the dropping funnel, the nitrogen flow is reduced and drop-by-drop addition of the FeCl2 solution is begun. The rate of addition is adjusted so that the entire solution is added in 30 minutes. Then the dropping funnel stopcock is closed and vigorous stirring of the dark green solution is continued for an additional 30 minutes. Finally, the nitrogen flow is stopped and the mixture is added to a mixture of 6M HCl (45 mL) and crushed ice (50 g). Some of the resulting slurry may be used to rinse the reaction flask to maximize the product yield. The slurry is stirred for about 15 minutes and the orange precipitate is collected on a Buchner or Hirsch funnel and washed with four 5-mL portions of water. The moist solid is spread out on a large watch glass and dried in the air. The compound is then purified through sublimation in a large glass petri dish that is placed on a warm hot plate (100 C). Care is used to avoid charring the ferrocene. The purified ferrocene is then characterized by melting point determination, UV-Vis and IR spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. We are incorporating a bulk electrolysis to generate the ferrocenium cation. Preparation of AcetylferroceneAcetylferrocene is synthesized under mild condition s with a modification of the procedure reported by Bozak (4). The students are supplied with ferrocene during the second laboratory period so that the acetylation of ferrocene may take place concurrently with the purification of ferrocene. This encourages students to develop multi-tasking skills. A mixture of ferrocene (1.5 g) and acetic anhydride (5 mL) is prepared in a small Erlenmeyer flask. To this mixture, 85% H3PO4 (1 mL) is added dropwise with constant stirring. This addition is exothermic and is accompanied by a change in color. Following the addition of the phosphoric acid, the Erlenmeyer flask is fitted with a CaCl2 drying tube. The dark green solution is then heated in a beaker of water on a hot plate for ten minutes (50 C). During this time, the solution becomes rose colored. The mixture is then poured over ice (20 g) into a large beaker that will accommodate the gas (CO2) formed during the NaHCO3 neutralization. Water is used to rinse the reaction flask and maximize the product yield. When the ice has melted, small quantities of sodium bicarbonate are added until gas evolution stops. The pH may be tested with pH paper to insure that neutrality is achieved. This is followed by cooling the resulting orange solution in an ice bath for 30 minutes during which time a brown precipitate forms. This precipitate is collected by suction filtration using a coarse fritted funnel. The dark brown solid is then washed with distilled water to remove impurities until it is pale orange in color. It is then dried in air for 15 minutes. Thin layer chromatography is used to optimize the conditions for column chromatography of acetylferrocene. TLC plates (silica gel) are provided for student use. Alternatively, microscope slides may be used as TLC plates by applying a slurry that consists of silica gel (40 g) and chloroform (100 mL). A small amount of the crude acetylferrocene, which is a mono- and diacetylferrocene/ferrocene mixture, is dissolved in a vial in toluene (2-3 drops). A small amount of ferrocene is also dissolved in a separate vial in toluene. A line is penciled on each slide approximately 1 cm from the bottom of the TLC plate. The plates are spotted using a fine capillary applicator approximately on the pencil line. Each plate will contain two spots, one is ferrocene and one is crude acetylferrocene. The spots are allowed to air dry and then a second spot is applied at the same location to obtain a concentrated area of compound. The identity of the spot is indicated with a pencil mark. The plates are individually placed with the spotted end in the solvent in five developing chambers. The chambers contain the following solutions: petroleum ether, toluene, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and a mixture of 10% ethyl acetate and 90% petroleum ether. The pencil mark should be above the solvent level. The solvent containers are covered while the plates are developing. The plates are removed when the solvent front has traveled approximately 3/4 of the distance of the plate. The plates are air dried. The TLC plates may be developed in an iodine chamber. This will result in brown spots that can be marked and identified so that the plates may be included in a laboratory report. The solutions that provide maximum separation of the two components are chosen as column chromatography solutions. For instance, ferrocene may elute with toluene while the acetylferrocene remains on the column and is then eluted with a toluene/ethyl acetate mixture. The color of the spots is helpful to discern the individual bands that elute from the column. The crude acetylferrocene is dissolved in the solution that is selected to elute the first component. The column is assembled by placing a small piece of glass wool into the bottom of the column (50 mL buret). The glass wool is then covered with a small amount of sand and the buret is filled with the solvent that was chosen to dissolve the crude mixture. A powder funnel is used to slowly fill the c olumn with dry silica gel to a height of approximately 30 cm. The column is never allowed to dry. Alternately, the column may be prepared by the traditional slurry method. A small amount of silica gel may be added to the crude acetylferrocene solution to make a slurry that is then added to the top of the column and covered with a small amount of sand. The two solutions (or mixtures) are then used to purify the crude acetylferrocene. The ferrocene band is discarded and the solvent is removed from the acetylferrocene band by rotary evaporation. It may then be recrystallized from chloroform. The acetylferrocene is characterized by melting point determination, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. DiscussionThe experimental procedure for the synthesis of ferrocene provided above was adopted after several failed attempts to incorporate newer microscale techniques that utilize ethylene glycol (5) as the solvent rather than 1,2-dimethoxyethane. When ethylene glycol was used , an extremely viscous reaction mixture resulted that was incapable of being stirred effectively in the micro-glassware. Our success rate with the revised preparation is 100%. Our advanced undergraduate inorganic lab is taught in the semester format with two three-hour weekly classes. The students learn to multi-task to accomplish their lab responsibilities efficiently. We have provided the following suggested format (Table 1) to accomplish the synthesis and characterization of ferrocene and acetylferrocene in two and a half weeks. This format is not provided to the students. They are innovative and are required to submit their own schedules before beginning work. The format allows instructors and teaching assistants to flexibility in the method of ensuring that the students use their time efficiently. Table 1. Suggested Time Management Schedule Day Program 1 Synthesis of Cp2Fe; teaching assistant to provide cyclopentadiene 2 Sublimation of Cp2Fe; students are given Cp2Fe to perform the acetylation 3 Thin layer and column chromatography of acetylferrocene followed by rotary evaporation; begin characterization of Cp2Fe (melting point, UV-Vis, IR) 4 Characterization of acetylferrocene (melting point, UV-Vis, IR); CAChe modeling 5 Finish characterization including cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis Crude ferrocene and acetylferrocene were synthesized in 51-79% and 27-58% yield respectively. An experimental melting point range of 169-171 C was obtained for ferrocene. The reported melting point range is 173-174 C (3). For acetylferrocene, the experimental melting point range was 80-83 C as compared with the reported range of 81-83 C (7). Infrared spectroscopy was performed by the students on ferrocene and acetylferrocene both as a KBr pellet and as a Nujol mull on NaCl plates. The infrared spectra were comparable to those reported for ferrocene (3) and acetylferrocene (8). The main difference between the spectra of ferrocene and acetylferrocene is of course t he appearance of a carbonyl stretch at 1736 cm-1 that is present in the acetylferrocene and absent in the ferrocene. Some students also observed a peak at 893 cm-1 that is attributed to the monoacetylferrocene ring. They did not observe peaks that could be attributed to the 1,2-diacetylferrocene complex at 917 cm-1 or a doublet due to the 1,3-diacetylferrocene complex at 922 and 905 cm-1 (8). The experimental UV-Vis spectra of ferrocene and acetylferrocene were obtained in acetonitrile and Beers law was used to calculate the molar absorptivity. The UV spectrum for ferrocene shows maxima at 330 nm (2 = 52) and 440 nm (2 = 90), and a rising short-wavelength absorption at 225 nm (2 = 5051). This is comparable with the reported spectrum in ethanol (3). The UV spectrum for acetylferrocene shows maxima at 219 nm (2 = 2.2 x 104), 266 nm (2 = 5268) and 320 nm (2 = 1124). Except for the calculated molar absorptivity of the peak at 219 nm, this is comparable with the reported spectrum in 95% ethanol (8). The students also observed peaks assigned to ferrocene in their acetylferrocene samples. The electrochemistry component of this laboratory was the first time that most students were exposed to cyclic voltammetry and the bulk electrolysis technique. An Amel System 5000 Potentiostat was used for all measurements. For cyclic voltammetry, the electrochemical cell was a 100 mL beaker equipped with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode (student prepared), a BAS (West Lafayette, IN) platinum-disk working electrode (2 mm diameter) and a large (1 cm2) platinum flag counter electrode. After having verified a flat background of tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (0.01 M) supporting electrolyte in acetonitrile in the range 0.0 to 1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, cyclic voltammograms of ferrocene and acetylferrocene (approximately 3.2 x 10-3 M) were obtained at scan rates of 100 500 mV/sec. A typical cyclic voltammogram of ferrocene showed a reversible oxidation at E1/2 = +0.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl with Ep/ 2 = 0.057V. A typical cyclic voltammogram of acetylferrocene also showed a reversible oxidation at E1/2 = +0.58 V vs. Ag/AgCl with Ep/2 = 0.044V. Small peaks for ferrocene were also visible in the acetylferrocene cyclic voltammogram. These results are comparable to the reported E of acetylferrocene at +0.27 V vs. the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple (6). A second new electrochemical component that was recently introduced into this laboratory is the bulk electrolysis of ferrocene to ferrocenium. The electrochemical cell was a 100 mL beaker equipped with an Ag/AgCl reference electrode (student prepared), a BAS (West Lafayette, IN) reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) working electrode and an extremely large platinum flag counter electrode. After having verified a flat background of tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (0.01 M) supporting electrolyte in acetonitrile in the range 0.0 to 1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the bulk electrolysis of ferrocene (approximately 7.5 x 10-4 M) was achieved on several occasions. As expected, a new peak in the UV-Vis was observed at 620 nm and the solution changed color from orange to blue. Unfortunately to date, these experimental conditions are not reproducible. As a supplement to their standard chemical characterization, students used the CAChe molecular modeling program to build a ferrocene molecule in both the eclipsed and staggered conformations and to remove an electron to obtain information about the ferrocenium cation. The results of this modeling were then discussed in relation to their experimental observations. When the students have synthesized and derivatized ferrocene, they have an experimental background for comparison of the unsubstituted ferrocene versus the acetylated ferrocene. They also have a clear understanding of the potential R groups that are chemically practical. This is especially meaningful if the student has completed organic chemistry and is able to relate the familiar benzene substituents with the ferrocene molecul e. We have found that if a student proceeds through the iterative question before understanding the acetylation experiment, they design strange, wondrous and impractical molecules with the aid of the CAChe system. It must be stressed that molecular modeling is only a tool. The input is influenced to a large degree by the understanding of the operator which may be enhanced with guidance from the instructor. A natural progression at the completion of the two syntheses is the introduction of the iterative question. Students are asked to design a ferrocene with specific properties such as a different colored ferrocene. This question is answered with the aid of CAChe modeling where electronic spectra of the gas phase ferrocene and the substituted ferrocene may be generated by ZINDO (Zerners Intermediate Neglect of Differential Overlap). A more comprehensive iterative project involves both library work and molecular modeling. The students are asked to find the preparation of a substituted ferrocene in the library. They may also design a synthesis and confirm the synthesis with the aid of library references. They then model the complex and predict its spectroscopic characteristics based upon what they are able to calculate from the molecular model and their knowledge of general chemical trends. Since the students became familiar with cyclic voltammetry, one trend of interest involves the ionization potential of the substituted ferrocenes. One student project involved a comparison of several known substituted ferrocenes (6) and their gas phase models (Figure 1 and Table 2). The gas phase models were used since the expected solvent dependence has not been observed using the CAChe system due to initial limitations with project leader. The initial calculated ionization potentials were adjusted by subtracting 7.647 eV. This sets the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple at zero as is customary (6). These values and a least squares regression plot were then plotted. In general, a d ownward trend in the least squares regression is observed with the more easily reduced ferrocenes containing electron withdrawing substituents having positive ionization potentials. Conversely, the more easily oxidized ferrocenes with electron donating substituents are calculated with negative ionization potentials. Deviations from experimental data may be accounted for since the student was comparing gas phase ferrocene models and acetonitrile ferrocene electrochemistry (6). Fig. 1. Student CAChe Project Table 2 Student CAChe Project ConclusionThe incorporation of an iterative question into each of our advanced inorganic undergraduate laboratories has allowed students to plumb the depths of their chemical knowledge and to acquire new tools that improve their use of the scientific method. The students enjoy the high success rate of the ferrocene/acetylferrocene lab. They also appreciate the chance to acquire new synthetic techniques such as the use of Schlenk techniques. In addition , the use of novel instrumental analysis such as electrochemistry is beneficial to their overall undergraduate education. They seem to thrive on the diverse exposure and the opportunity to stretch themselves. This allows them to become excited about chemistry and like the experiment that they are conducting, they come full circle and view chemistry in a new light as a useful, valuable tool. The addition of the iterative question to a classical laboratory can therefore provide an additional richness to the traditional wet chemistry. AcknowledgmentsResearch supported by NSF under Grants # DUE-9452023 and DUE-9452131. Literature Cited1. Kauffman, George B. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 185. .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359 , .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359 .postImageUrl , .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359 , .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359:hover , .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359:visited , .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359:active { border:0!important; } .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359:active , .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359 .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1567203657c8186d2f38c943597b9359:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Blanton Museum - Santo, San Antonio de Padau Essay2. Kealy, T. J.; Pauson, P. L. Nature 1951, 168, 1039. 3. Jolly, W. L., The Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Compounds, Prentice-Hall: New Jersey, 1970. 4. Bozak, R. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 73. 5. Szafran, Z.; Pike, R. M.; Singh, M. M., Microscale Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley: New York, 1991. 6. Geiger, William E. J. Organomet. Chem. 1990, 22, 142. 7. Wade, Leroy G. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 208. 8. Rosenblum, Myron, Chemistry of the Iron Group Metallocenes: Ferrocene, Ruthenocene, Osmocene Part One, Interscience Publishers: New York, 1965.